The X-ray Observatory Chandra is a satellite launched by NASA on July 23, 1999. It was named after the Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, one of the founders of astrophysics, who determined the mass limit for white dwarfs to become a neutron star. In addition, Chandra means "moon" in Sanskrit. The Chandra Observatory is the third of NASA's Great Observatories. The first was the Hubble Space Telescope, the second was the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, launched in 1991 and the last was the Spitzer Space Telescope. Before launching the Chandra was known as AXAF by the English acronym for Advanced X-ray Astronomical Facility. As the Earth's atmosphere absorbs most X-rays, conventional telescopes can not detect them and their study requires a space telescope. In 1976 Riccardo Giacconi and Harvey Tananbaum proposed the idea to NASA's Chandra Observatory, beginning Preliminary work at the Marshall Space Flight Center. Meanwhile, in 1978, NASA launched the first X-ray space telescope, the Einstein (fad-2). Despite this work in the Chandra project went ahead in the 80s and 90s, but in 1992 the ship was redesigned to reduce costs. Were removed twenty four mirrors which would have the observatory, and was calculated with an elliptical orbit that would reach the third of the distance to the moon. This eliminated the possibility of being serviced by space shuttle, but the observatory placed outside the influence of the radiation belts of the earth most of its orbit. Chandra can observe the X-ray sky with an angular resolution of 0.5 arcsec, a thousand times more than the first X-ray telescope satellite Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0, additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for more information.

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